A319
Material Introduction
A319 is a cast aluminum–silicon–copper alloy widely used for medium- to high-strength structural components that require good castability, moderate thermal resistance, and reliable machinability. With a typical silicon content around 6–7% and copper levels of roughly 3–4%, A319 provides a balanced combination of mechanical strength, fatigue performance, and dimensional stability. Its composition supports both aluminum die casting and gravity/sand casting routes, making it highly flexible for different part sizes and production volumes. When paired with Neway’s optimized tool and die making, precise gating design, and controlled solidification, A319 delivers low-porosity, dimensionally consistent castings for demanding applications such as engine brackets, housings, manifolds, and industrial machine components.
Alternative Material Options
If design requirements move beyond the performance window of A319, several alternative alloys from Neway’s portfolio can be selected. For higher strength and improved thermal fatigue resistance in powertrain housings and structural covers, A380 or EN AC-46000 (AlSi9Cu3) are common choices. Where ductility and weldability are more critical—for example, in lightweight structures or crash-relevant brackets—EN AC-43500 (AlSi10Mg) is often preferred. For thin-wall electronics housings and complex geometries, A383/ADC12 provides excellent fluidity and filling capability. When very high wear resistance or stiffness is needed—for example in high-load sliding components—A390 can be considered. If premium aesthetics or very high electrical/thermal conductivity are required and weight is less sensitive, copper-based copper-brass alloys or specific brass die casting grades may be used instead of aluminum.
International Equivalent / Comparable Grade
Country/Region | Equivalent / Comparable Grade | Specific Commercial Brands | Notes |
USA (AA / ASTM) | A319.0 | AA A319 cast ingots from major North American suppliers | Reference designation; widely used for engine components and general structural castings. |
Europe (EN) | EN AC-AlSi6Cu3 / similar families | Hydro AlSi6Cu3, Handtmann AlSi6Cu3 variants | Functionally close alloys for gravity and die casting with comparable Si–Cu levels. |
Germany (DIN) | G-AlSi6Cu4 / AlSi6Cu3 | TRIMET AlSi6Cu-based casting alloys | Used for automotive, compressor, and machinery castings with medium strength. |
Japan (JIS) | AC2B family | UACJ AC2B, Daiki AC2B | Similar Al–Si–Cu alloys used for cast housings and brackets. |
China (GB/T) | ZL114 / similar Al–Si–Cu grades | Chalco ZL114-series alloys, Nanshan Al–Si–Cu variants | Comparable for automotive and industrial structural components. |
Design Purpose
A319 was developed as a cast aluminum alloy with a well-balanced Si–Cu–Fe chemistry that can serve in structural, thermally loaded environments without excessive brittleness or poor machinability. Its silicon content supports good fluidity and manageable shrinkage, while copper and minor alloying elements raise tensile strength and fatigue resistance compared with purely Al–Si alloys. This makes the A319 suitable for cylinder heads, manifolds, pump housings, robust brackets, and similar components where stiffness and dimensional stability are required, but the very highest strength of specialized alloys is not necessary. At Neway, A319 is used where customers value a combination of sound castability in both high-pressure and sand casting processes, stable mechanical behavior, and reliable response to machining and surface finishing.
Chemical Composition
Element | Silicon (Si) | Copper (Cu) | Magnesium (Mg) | Iron (Fe) | Manganese (Mn) | Zinc (Zn) | Nickel (Ni) | Titanium (Ti) | Other (each) | Aluminum (Al) |
Composition (%) | ~5.5–6.5 | ~3.0–4.0 | ≤0.5 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.5 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.05 | Balance |
Physical Properties
Property | Density | Melting Range | Thermal Conductivity | Electrical Conductivity | Thermal Expansion |
Value | ~2.70 g/cm³ | ~520–640 °C | ~120–150 W/m·K | ~27–32% IACS | ~21–23 µm/m·°C |
Mechanical Properties
Property | Tensile Strength (UTS) | Yield Strength (0.2% Proof) | Elongation at Break | Hardness | Fatigue Strength (107 cycles) |
Value (typical, as-cast) | ~200–240 MPa | ~120–150 MPa | ~2–4% | ~80–95 HB | ~70–90 MPa |
Key Material Characteristics
Good castability for both high-pressure and sand casting routes, including medium wall thicknesses.
Balanced strength and stiffness suitable for structural housings and brackets.
Moderate thermal resistance, making it suitable for under-hood and industrial environments.
Reasonable ductility for a Si–Cu cast alloy, supporting shock- and vibration-loaded service.
Good machinability, enabling tight tolerance surfaces via CNC machining and post machining.
Compatible with common heat-treatment practices (e.g., T5/T6) when porosity and geometry allow.
Predictable shrinkage behavior that simplifies die design and dimensional control.
Suitable for functional coatings and painting when appropriate pre-treatment is applied.
Manufacturability And Post Process
High-Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) for medium-sized housings: A319 is well suited to HPDC when parts require moderate wall thicknesses, robust ribs, and integrated mounting features. At Neway, gating design, intensification pressure, and die temperature are tuned to the alloy’s Si–Cu solidification behavior to limit porosity and surface defects.
Sand casting for larger, thicker sections: For larger pump bodies, manifolds, or heavy brackets, A319 is frequently produced via sand casting. Its fluidity is sufficient to fill thicker sections and internal cores while maintaining acceptable soundness and mechanical properties.
Gravity or low-pressure permanent mold casting: When improved structural integrity and better surface finish are required compared with sand casting, A319 can be cast using gravity or low-pressure processes with permanent molds, taking advantage of controlled cooling rates.
Heat treatment options: Depending on the application, A319 can be supplied as-cast or heat-treated (e.g., T5/T6) to increase yield strength and fatigue performance. Heat treatment is particularly valuable for engine-related or high-cycle fatigue components produced with carefully controlled porosity.
Precision machining: A319 responds well to CNC machining, allowing Neway to deliver sealing faces, bores, and critical interfaces with typical tolerances of ±0.02–0.05 mm through dedicated post machining lines.
Drilling, reaming, and threading: The alloy’s microstructure supports stable chip formation, making it suitable for accurate drilled and reamed holes, as well as tapped threads for fasteners or fluid connectors.
Deburring and bulk finishing: Castings undergo trimming, vibratory finishing, or tumbling to remove flash and soften edges, improving both handling safety and coating adhesion.
Dimensional and functional inspection: For safety-critical or sealing components, Neway supplements dimensional checks with leak tests, pressure tests, and other inspections supported by in-house die castings inspection capabilities.
Suitable Surface Treatment
Powder coating for robust protection: Because of its copper content, A319 benefits from barrier-type coatings. Powder coating provides durable corrosion resistance, impact strength, and UV stability for outdoor or industrial service.
Liquid painting for cosmetic housings: Painting enables fine color control and smooth appearance on visible parts such as covers, machine panels, and consumer-facing components.
Conversion coatings for adhesion and conductivity: Chromate- and Cr-free conversion layers enhance corrosion resistance and provide a conductive, paint-ready surface, which is beneficial for electrical housings and grounded structures.
Selective anodizing: Classical anodizing on A319 is generally limited by its Cu content; it can be used decoratively or for moderate corrosion improvement on selected surfaces, subject to process trials.
Sand-blasting or bead-blasting: Pre-treatment via sand-blasting produces a uniform matte texture that masks minor casting marks and optimizes surfaces for coating.
Laser marking: Permanent part identification, traceability codes, and logos can be applied by laser marking without significant impact on dimensional accuracy.
Common Industries and Applications
Automotive and transportation: Engine brackets, housings, manifolds, and support structures.
Industrial machinery: Pump bodies, compressor housings, actuator components, and machine bases.
Power generation and fluid systems: Valve bodies, flanges, and structural components exposed to moderate temperatures.
General engineering: Medium-load frames, brackets, and mounting plates where weight reduction is beneficial.
Custom equipment and OEM modules: Structural shells and carrier components combining stiffness with good machinability.
When to Choose This Material
When medium-to-high strength is required in cast structural components without moving to premium, high-cost alloys.
When both die casting and sand casting options should remain open for different part sizes.
When components will see moderate thermal loads, such as under-hood or industrial environments.
When reliable machinability and tight tolerance surfaces are critical for sealing or assembly.
When cost-effective weight reduction is needed versus cast iron or steel, while maintaining robust stiffness.
When future heat-treatment upgrades (e.g., T6) might be used to boost performance on selected parts.
When the same alloy must support both prototype casting and long-term series production.
Изучить связанные блоги
